Who is NOT liable under Article 1723 of the Civil Code?

In the context of Article 1723 of the Civil Code, liability generally falls on professionals who are involved in the design and execution of a construction project. This includes roles such as the Architect-of-Record, Architect-in-Charge of Construction, and the Contractor, all of whom have direct responsibilities related to the project that could lead to liability under this legal framework.

The Consulting Architect, however, typically provides advice and guidance rather than direct oversight of construction practices or design implementation. Their role is often more of a support function, which means their actions do not usually expose them to the same level of liability as those directly managing or executing the construction. Thus, in scenarios governed by Article 1723, the Consulting Architect is generally not held liable, making this distinction important in understanding the various responsibilities within construction projects.

The focus on the roles and the nature of their responsibilities clarifies why the Consulting Architect is in a different position compared to those directly involved in the practical aspects of the project.